In mammals, autophagosome formation, a central event in autophagy, is initiated by the ULK complex comprising ULK1/2, FIP200, ATG13, and ATG101. However, the structural basis and mechanism of the ULK ...

A high density of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is associated with poorer prognosis and survival in breast cancer patients. Recent studies have shown that lipid accumulation in TAMs can promote ...

Haploinsufficiency for GATA6 is associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) with variable comorbidity of pancreatic or diaphragm defects, although the etiology of disease is not well understood.

Propranolol reduces experimental murine cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and prevents embryonic caudal venous plexus (CVP) lesions in zebrafish that follow mosaic inactivation of ccm2. Because ...

This useful study by Gao et al identifies Hspa2 as a heterogeneous transcript in the early embryo and proposes a plausible mechanism showing interactions with Carm1. The authors propose that ...

Researchers have identified a set of geological reaction conditions that may have catalysed life on Earth. Researchers have discovered a plausible evolutionary setting in which nucleic acids – the ...

Changes in neural activity thought to reflect brain aging may be partly influenced by age-dependent signals ‘leaking’ from the heart.

This important work shows how a simple geophysical setting of gas flow over a narrow channel of water can create a physical environment that leads to the isothermal replication of nucleic acids. The ...

Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States Across development, children must learn motor skills such as eating with a spoon and drawing with a crayon.

In sum, odors initiate feeding behavior in Drosophila.

This important study shows that in teleost fish, the RIG-I-like protein MDA5 can compensate for the absence of RIG-I by detecting 5'-triphosphorylated RNA. A fish virus containing such RNA can ...

Cortices from 11 primate species share the same archetypal fractal shape, indicating a universal mechanism for primate and mammalian cortical folding, and suggesting novel shape biomarkers for brains.